Your problems seem to be with how you have wired your devices. There are a few considerations to take into account with a raspberry and especially the 5.

Without USB-PD and 5A or 3A, the total power available on the Pi 5's four USB ports is limited to 600mA. This limitation on the Pi 5 will prevent the proper connections of your devices. Note the Pi 4 does not have this limitation and its maximum amperage is 1.2A.

With the addition of usb_max_current_enable=1, you find the 1.6A max of the pi5.

But depending on your installation, you risk losing the connection due to lack of amperage or poor detection of the type of USB used.

You are using a 533, use the two USB ports of your cooled camera to connect your eaf style devices, guide camera or others.

This way, the camera power supply will provide the necessary amperage to the peripherals and relieve the PI.

If you launch AstroArch from an SSD, you must use the first USB 3 port at the top. The cooled camera goes to the bottom USB 3 port.
Connect your mount to one USB 2 port and the GPS to the other.

If you use more USB 2 devices. Connect them to a powered hub with sufficient amperage.

Use this command in a terminal to determine the maximum amperage of your devices on the USB ports of the pi5: sudo lsusb -v | grep -E "^Bus|MaxPower"

It would be interesting if you could give us the list of your equipment, the cables and how you connect them. Because in your previous descriptions, sometimes we see a USB cable, sometimes an eqmod style cable Prolific Technology Inc.

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